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Zhou Gong


                  
应诏集
 周公论

论周公者多异说,何也?周公居礼之变,而处圣人之不幸,宜乎说者之异也。凡周公之所为,亦不得已而已矣。若得已而不已,则周公安得而为之?成王幼不能为政,周公执其权,以王命赏罚天下,是周公不得已者,如此而已。

今儒者曰:周公践天子之位,称王而朝诸侯。则是岂不可以已耶?书曰:“周公位冢宰,正百工。群叔流言。”又曰:“召公为保,周公为师,相成王,为左右。召公不说。”又曰:“周公曰”、“王若曰”,则是周公未尝践天子之位而称王也。周公称王,则成王宜何称?将亦称王耶?将不称耶?不称,则是废也。称王,则是二王也。而周公何以安之?孔子曰:“必也正名乎”。儒者之患,患在于名实之不正。故亦有以文王为称王者,是以圣人为后世之僭君急于为王者也。天下虽乱,有王者在而己自王,虽圣人不能以服天下。昔高帝击灭项籍,统一四海,诸侯大臣,相率而帝之,然且辞以不德。惟陈胜、吴广,乃嚣嚣乎急于自王。而谓文王亦为之耶?武王伐商,师渡孟津,会于牧野,其所以称先君之命命于诸侯者,盖犹曰文考而已。至于武成,既以柴望告天,百工奔走,受命于周,而后其称曰“我文考文王,克成厥勋。由此观之,则是武王不敢一日妄尊其先君,而况于文王之自王乎?诗曰:“虞芮质厥成,文王蹶厥生。”是亦追称而已矣。史记曰:“姬乎采芑,归乎田成子。”夫田常之时,安知其为成子而称之。故凡以文王、周公为称王者,皆过也。是资后世之篡君而为藉之也。

陈贾问于孟子曰:“周公使管叔监商,管叔以商叛。知而使之,是不仁,不知是不智。”孟子曰:“周公,弟也,管叔,兄也。周公之过,不亦宜乎。”从孟子之说,则是周公未免于有过也。夫管、蔡之叛,非逆也,是其智不足以深知周公而已矣。周公之诛,非疾之也,其势不得不诛也。故管、蔡非所谓大恶也。兄弟之亲,而非有大恶,则其道不得不封。管、蔡之封,在武王之世也。武王之世,未知有周公、成王之事。茍无周公、成王之事,则管、蔡何从而叛?周公何从而诛之?故曰:周公居礼之变,而处圣人之不幸也。


Good sentences

  • Mingde is cautious and does not dare to be self-dictatorated.
  • Lead by example and repentance.
  • Respect the heavens and the ancestors, and govern the country with benevolence.
  • The people are the state, and the country is solid.
  • The world is for the public, and the selection of talents and abilities.
  • Harmony and difference, the world is the same.
  • A gentleman is a gentleman, and he is born from the beginning.
  • Those who know are not as good as those who are good, and those who are good are not as good as those who are happy.
  • Self-cultivation and family governance, peace in the world.
  • The road is also a trip to the world.
  • The prosperity of government is in accordance with the will of the people; The abolition of government is against the will of the people.
  • With copper as a mirror, you can be dressed; With the ancient as a mirror, we can know the rise and fall; With people as a mirror, you can see the gains and losses.

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