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Ministers


                  
应诏集
 大臣论上

以义正君而无害于国,可谓大臣矣。天下不幸而无明君,使小人执其权,当此之时,天下之忠臣义士莫不欲奋臂而击之。夫小人者,必先得于其君而自固于天下,是故法不可击。击之而不胜身死,其祸止于一身。击之而胜,君臣不相安,天下必亡。是以春秋之法,不待君命而诛其侧之恶人,谓之叛。晋赵鞅入于晋阳以叛是也。

世之君子,将有志于天下,欲扶其衰而救其危者,必先计其后而为可居之功,其济不济则命也,是故功成而天下安之。今夫小人,君不诛而吾诛之,则是侵君之权,而不可居之功也。夫既已侵君之权,而能北面就人臣之位,使君不吾疑者,天下未尝有也。国之有小人,犹人之有瘿。人之瘿,必生于颈而附于咽,是以不可去。有贱丈夫者,不胜其忿而决去之,夫是以去疾而得死。汉之亡,唐之灭,由此之故也。自桓、灵之后,至于献帝,天下之权,归于内竖,贤人君子,进不容于朝,退不容于野,天下之怒,可谓极矣。当此之时,议者以为天下之患独在宦官,宦官去则天下无事,然窦武、何进之徒击之不胜,止于身死,袁绍击之而胜,汉遂以亡。唐之衰也,其迹亦大类此。自辅国、元振之后,天子之废立听于宦官。当此之时,士大夫之论,亦惟宦官之为去也。然而李训、郑注、元载之徒,击之不胜,止于身死,至于崔昌遐击之而胜,唐亦以亡。

方其未去也,是累然者瘿而已矣。及其既去,则溃裂四出,而继之以死。何者?此侵君之权,而不可居之功也。且为人臣而不顾其君,捐其身于一决,以快天下之望,亦已危矣。故其成则为袁、为崔,败则为何、窦,为训、注。然则忠臣义士,亦奚取于此哉。夫窦武、何进之亡,天下悲之,以为不幸。然亦幸而不成,使其成也,二子者将何以居之?故曰:以义正君,而无害于国,可谓大臣矣。


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