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Strategy third


                  
应诏集
 策略第三

臣闻圣王之治天下,使天下之事,各当其处而不相乱,天下之人,各安其分而不相躐也,然后天子得优游无为而制其上。今也不然。夷狄抗衡,本非中国之大患,而每每以累朝廷,是以徘徊扰攘,卒不能有所立。今委任而责成,使西北不过为未诛之寇,则中国固吾之中国,而有所不可为哉。于此之时,臣知天下之不足治也。

请言当今之势。夫天下有二患,有立法之弊,有任人之失。二者疑似而难明,此天下之所以乱也。当立法之弊也,其君必曰:“吾用某也而天下不治,是某不可用也。”又从而易之。不知法之弊,而移咎于其人。及其用人之失也,又从而尤其法。法之变未有已也,如此,则虽至于覆败,死亡相继而不悟,岂足怪哉。

昔者汉兴,因秦以为治,刑法峻急,礼义消亡,天下荡然,恐后世无所执守,故贾谊、董仲舒咨嗟叹息,以立法更制为事。后世见二子之论,以为圣人治天下,凡皆如此,是以腐儒小生,皆欲妄有所变改,以惑乱世主。

臣窃以为当今之患,法令虽有未安,而天下之所以不大治者,失在于任人,而非法制之罪也。国家法令凡几变矣,天下之不大治,其咎果安在哉?曩者大臣之议,患天下之士,其进不以道,而取之不精也,故为之法曰,中年而举取旧数之半,而复明经之科。患天下之吏无功而迁,取高位而不让也,故为之法曰,当迁者有司以闻,而自陈者为有罪。此二者,其名甚美,而其实非大有益也。而议者欲以此等致天下之大治,臣窃以为过矣。

夫法之于人,犹五声六律之于乐也。法之不能无奸,犹五声六律之不能无淫乐也。先王知其然,故存其大略,而付之于人,茍不至于害民而不可强去者,皆不变也。故曰失在任人而已。

夫有人而不用,与用而不行其言,行其言而不尽其心,其失一也。古之兴王,一人而已。汤以伊尹,武王以太公,皆捐天下以与之,而后伊、吕得捐其一身以经营天下。君不疑其臣,功成而无后患,是以知无不言,言无不行。其所欲用,虽其亲爱可也;其所欲诛,虽其雠隙可也。使其心无所顾忌,故能尽其才而责其成功。及至后世之君,始用区区之小数以绳天下之豪俊,故虽有国士,而莫为之用。

夫贤人君子之欲有所树立,以著不朽于后世者,甚于人君,顾恐功未及成而有所夺,只以速天下之乱耳。鼌错之事,断可见矣。夫奋不顾一时之祸,决然徒欲以身试人主之威者,是亦其所挟者不甚大也,斯固未足与有为。而沉毅果敢之士,又必有待而后发,茍人主不先自去其不可测,而示其可信,则彼孰从而发哉。庆历中,天子急于求治,擢用贤者,天下日夜望其成功。方其深思远虑而未有所发也,虽天子亦迟之。至其一旦发愤,条天下之利害,百未及一二,而举朝喧哗,以至于逐去,曾不旋踵。此天下之士,所以相戒而不敢深言也。

居今之势,而欲纳天下于至治,非大有所矫拂于世俗,不可以有成也。何者?天下独患柔弱而不振,怠惰而不肃,茍且偷安而不知长久之计。臣以为宜如诸葛亮之治蜀,王猛之治秦,使天下悚然,人人不敢饰非,务尽其诚。凡此者,皆庸人之所大恶,而谗言之所由兴也。是故先主拒关、张之间,而后孔明得以尽其才;苻坚斩樊世,逐仇腾,黜席宝,而后王猛得以毕其功。夫天下未尝无二子之才也,而人主思治又如此之勤,相须甚急,而相合甚难者,独患君不信其臣,而臣不测其君而已矣。惟天子一日慨然明告执政之臣所以欲为者,使知人主之深知之也而内为之信,然后敢有所发于外而不顾。不然,虽得贤臣千万,一日百变法,天下益不可治。岁复一岁,而终无以大慰天下之望,岂不亦甚可惜哉!


Good sentences

  • In the midst of strategizing, the decisive victory is thousands of miles away.
  • Govern the country with righteousness and use soldiers with odds; How do I know that the world is taken by nothing? In this way: the husband is not fighting, so the world can not fight with it.
  • The good is like water, and the water is good for all things. is evil to everyone, so it is more than the way. Dwelling in a good place, a good heart, a good heart, a good word, a good word, a good governance, a good work, and a good time. The husband is indisputable, so there is no especially.
  • Soldiers, the major affairs of the country, the place of death and life, and the way of survival, must not be overlooked.
  • Soldiers, treacherous ways. Therefore, it can be shown but cannot be used, it is not used to show it, it is near and it is far away, and it is far away and it is shown to be near.
  • Know yourself and know your opponent, and you will not be defeated in a hundred battles.
  • Attack it unprepared, take it by surprise.
  • Put it in the place of death and then live, and fall into the place of death and then survive.
  • The soldiers are fast, unprepared, and unexpected.
  • Those who fight, with the right fit, with the odd victory. Therefore, those who are good and surprising are as infinite as heaven and earth, and inexhaustible as rivers and seas.
  • Therefore, those who are good at fighting seek it from the situation, and do not blame others, so they can choose people and let the situation go.

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