The Shang Dynasty, also known as Yin and Yin Shang, was the second dynasty in Chinese history and the first dynasty in China with direct written records of the same period. Shang Tang, the leader of the Shang tribe of the Xia Dynasty, led the vassal states to destroy Xia in the Battle of Mingtiao and established the Shang Dynasty in Bo (now Shangqiu, Henan). After his descendant Pangeng moved to Yin (now Anyang, Henan), he was called "Yin", or "Yin Shang". From 1600 BC to 1046 BC, there were three major phases. The first stage is "pre-consultation"; The second stage is "early business"; The third stage is the "Late Shang", which is passed down from generation to generation in 17 generations and 31 kings, which lasts for 600 years. The last king, King Shang, was defeated by King Wu of Zhou in the Battle of Muye and died. The Shang Dynasty was at the height of slavery, and the slave-owning aristocracy was the ruling class, forming a huge bureaucratic ruling body and army.
