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grandson


                  
孙子

始计第一

孙子曰:兵者,国之大事,死生之地,存亡之道,不可不察也。

故经之以五事,校之以计,而索其情:一曰道,二曰天,三曰地,四曰将,五曰法。

道者,令民与上同意,故可与之死,可与之生,而不危也。天者,阴阳、寒暑、时制也。地者,远近、险易、广狭、死生也。将者,智、信、仁、勇、严也。法者,曲制、官道、主用也。凡此五者,将莫不闻,知之者胜,不知者不胜。

故校之以计,而索其情,曰:主孰有道?将孰有能?天地孰得?法令孰行?兵众孰强?士卒孰练?赏罚孰明?吾以此知胜负矣。

将听吾计,用之必胜,留之;将不听吾计,用之必败,去之。

计利以听,乃为之势,以佐其外。势者,因利而制权也。

兵者,诡道也。故能而示之不能,用而示之不用,近而示之远,远而示之近。利而诱之,乱而取之,实而备之,强而避之,怒而挠之,卑而骄之,佚而劳之,亲而离之,攻其无备,出其不意。此兵家之胜,不可先传也。

夫未战而庙筭胜者,得筭多也;未战而庙筭不胜者,得筭少也。多筭胜少筭,而况于无筭乎!吾以此观之,胜负见矣。


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