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The fourth ritual of the law


                  
墨子
  法仪第四

子墨子曰:“天下从事者,不可以无法仪,无法仪,而其事能成者无有也。虽至士之为将相者皆有法,虽至百工从事者,亦皆有法。百工为方以矩,为圆以规,直以绳,正以县。无巧工不巧工,皆以此五者为法。巧者能中之,不巧者虽不能中,放依以从事,犹逾己。故百工从事,皆有法所度。”

今大者治天下,其次治大国,而无法所度,此不若百工辩也。然则奚以为治法而可,当皆法其父母奚若?天下之为父母者众,而仁者寡,若皆法其父母,此法不仁也。法不仁不可以为法。当皆法其学奚若?天下之为学者众,而仁者寡,若皆法其学,此法不仁也。法不仁不可以为法。当皆法其君奚若?天下之为君者众,而仁者寡,若皆法其君,此法不仁也。法不仁不可以为法。故父母学君三者,莫可以为治法。

然则奚以为治法而可?故曰莫若法天。天之行广而无私,其施厚而不德,其明久而不衰,故圣王法之。既以天为法,动作有为,必度于天,天之所欲则为之,天所不欲则止。然而天何欲何恶者也?天必欲人之相爱相利,而不欲人之相恶相贼也。奚以知天之欲人之相爱相利,而不欲人之相恶相贼也?以其兼而爱之,兼而利之也。奚以知天兼而爱之,兼而利之也,以其兼而有之,兼而食之也。

今天下无大小国,皆天之邑也。人无幼长贵贱,皆天之臣也。此以莫不犓羊,豢犬猪,絜为酒醴粢盛,以敬事天,此不为兼而有之,兼而食之邪?天苟兼而有食之,夫奚说不欲人之相爱相利也?故曰:“爱人利人者,天必福之,恶人贼人者,天必祸之。日杀不辜者,得不祥焉。”夫奚说人为其相杀而天与祸乎!是以知天欲人相爱相利,而不欲人相恶相贼也。

昔之圣王禹汤文武,兼爱天下之百姓,率以尊天事鬼,其利人多,故天福之,使立为天子,天下诸侯,皆宾事之。暴王桀纣幽厉,兼恶天下之百姓,率以诟天侮鬼,其贼人多,故天祸之,使遂失其国家,身死为僇于天下,后世子孙毁之,至今不息。故为不善以得祸者,桀纣幽厉是也,爱人利人以得福者,禹汤文武是也,爱人利人以得福者有矣,恶人贼人以得祸者亦有矣。


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