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Relatives first


                  
墨子
  亲士第一

入国而不存其士,则亡国矣。见贤而不急,则缓其君矣。非贤无急,非士无与虑国,缓贤忘士,而能以其国存者,未曾有也。

昔者文公出走而正天下,桓公去国而霸诸侯,越王勾践遇吴王之丑,而尚摄中国之贤君,三子之能达名成功于天下也,皆于其国抑而大丑也。太上无败,其次败而有以成,此之谓用民。

吾闻之曰:“非无安居也,我无安心也。非无足财也,我无足心也。”是故君子自难而易彼,众人自易而难彼。君子进不败其志,内究其情,虽杂庸民,终无怨心,彼有自信者也。

是故为其所难者,必得其所欲焉;未闻为其所欲,而免其所恶者也。是故偪臣伤君,谄下伤上,君必有弗弗之臣,上必有詻詻之下。分议者延延而支苟者詻詻,焉可以长生保国。臣下重其爵位而不言,近臣则喑,远臣则唫,怨结于民心,谄谀在侧,善议障塞,则国危矣。桀纣不以其无天下之士邪?杀其身而丧天下。故曰归国宝,不若献贤而进士。

今有五锥,此其铦,铦者必先挫;有五刀,此其错,错者必先靡。是以甘井近竭,招木近伐,灵龟近灼,神蛇近暴。是故比干之殪其抗也,孟贲之杀其勇也,西施之沈其美也,吴起之裂其事也。故彼人者,寡不死其所长,故曰太盛难守也。

故虽有贤君,不爱无功之臣,虽有慈父,不爱无益之子。是故不胜其任,而处其位,非此位之人也;不胜其爵而处其禄,非此禄之主也。良弓难张,然可以及高入深;良马难乘,然可以任重致远;良才难令,然可以致君见尊。是故江河不恶小谷之满己也,故能大。圣人者,事无辞也,物无违也,故能为天下器。是故江河之水,非一水之源也;千镒之裘,非一狐之白也。夫恶有同方取不取同而已者乎?盖非兼王之道也。

是故天地不昭昭,大水不潦潦,大火不燎燎,大德不尧尧者,乃千人之长也。其直如矢,其平如砥,不足以覆万物。是故谿陕者速涸,逝浅者速竭,墝埆者其地不育,王者淳泽不出宫中,则不能流国矣。


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