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Under the Vietnamese language


                  
国语
  越语下

范蠡进谏句践持盈定倾节事

越王句践即位三年而欲伐吴,范蠡进谏曰:“夫国家之事,有持盈,有定倾,有节事。”王曰:“为三者,奈何?”对曰:“持盈者与天,定倾者与人,节事者与地。王不问,蠡不敢言。天道盈而不溢,盛而不骄,劳而不矜其功。夫圣人随时以行,是谓守时。天时不作,弗为人客;人事不起,弗为之始。今君王未盈而溢,未盛而骄,不劳而矜其功,天时不作而先为人客,人事不起而创为之始,此逆于天而不和于人。王若行之,将妨于国家,靡王躬身。”王弗听。

范蠡进谏曰:“夫勇者,逆德也;兵者,凶器也;争者,事之末也。阴谋逆德,好用凶器,始于人者,人之所卒也;淫佚之事,上帝之禁也,先行此者,不利。”王曰:“无是贰言也,吾已断之矣!”果兴师而伐吴,战于五湖,不胜,栖于会稽。

王召范蠡而问焉,曰:“吾不用子之言,以至于此,为之奈何?”范蠡对曰:“君王其忘之乎?持盈者与天,定倾者与人,节事者与地。”王曰:“与人奈何?”对曰:“卑辞尊礼,玩好女乐,尊之以名。如此不已,又身与之市。”王曰:“诺。”乃令大夫种行成于吴,曰:“请士女女于士,大夫女女于大夫,随之以国家之重器。”吴人不许。大夫种来而复往,曰:“请委管籥属国家,以身随之,君王制之。”吴人许诺。王曰:“蠡为我守于国。”对曰:“四封之内,百姓之事,蠡不如种也。四封之外,敌国之制,立断之事,种亦不如蠡也。”王曰:“诺。”令大夫种守于国,与范蠡入宦于吴。

三年,而吴人遣之。归及至于国,王问于范蠡曰:“节事奈何?”对曰:“节事者与地。唯地能包万物以为一,其事不失。生万物,容畜禽兽,然后受其名而兼其利。美恶皆成,以养其生。时不至,不可彊生;事不究,不可彊成。自若以处,以度天下,待其来者而正之,因时之所宜而定之。同男女之功,除民之害,以避天殃。田野开辟,府仓实,民众殷。无旷其众,以为乱梯。时将有反,事将有间,必有以知天地之恒制,乃可以有天下之成利。事无间,时无反,则抚民保教以须之。”

王曰:“不穀之国家,蠡之国家也,蠡其图之!”对曰:“四封之内,百姓之事,时节三乐,不乱民功,不逆天时,五谷睦熟,民乃蕃滋,君臣上下交得其志,蠡不如种也。四封之外,敌国之制,立断之事,因阴阳之恒,顺天地之常,柔而不屈,彊而不刚,德虐之行,因以为常;死生因天地之刑,天因人,圣人因天;人自生之,天地形之,圣人因而成之。是故战胜而不报,取地而不反,兵胜于外,福生于内,用力甚少而名声章明,种亦不如蠡也。”王曰:“诺。”令大夫种为之。


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